One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing health problem and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but knowledge about its pathogenesis has increased substantially in recent years. The disease results from interaction between individual risk factors (like enzymatic deficiencies) and environmental exposures to noxious agents, like cigarette smoking, ...

One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a new name for an old malady. The ancients included the disease under the rubric of “catarrh.” In modern times, COPD has come to signify a mixture of chronic bronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis, and emphysema (1, 2). Rarification of the lung in emphysema may progress to form bullae (Figure 1). Cigarette smoking has long been recognized as the predomi...

Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a chronic inflammatory response in airways and lung parenchyma that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking considered as an important risk factor plays a role in pathogenesis of disease. Pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical opportunistic fungus that causes pneumonia in immunosuppressed host, al...

Association of Health Effects of Air Pollution on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Background & Aims of the Study: Lung is directly exposed to surrounding air and existing pollutants to perform its natural task. In this paper, COPD cases attributed to NO2, O3, and SO2 were studied based on assessed data in Ahvaz city of Iran during 2014-2015. Materials and Methods: Data were processed by Excel through steps including temperature and pressure correction, progra...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)